Step 2: Controlling for confounding from unmeasured early environment (healthy co-twin as control). In the second step, the healthy co-twin (in both MZ and DZ twin pairs) can be used as a control for the diseased twin. Because twins share the same intrauterine environment and typically are reared together, the co-twin control method provides a very effective tool to minimize confounding by differences in an (unmeasured) childhood or adolescent environment.
The transmission electron micrographs presented below are taken at 200 kV, from a thin foil sample of "302AA" austenitic stainless steel. The sample was cold-deformed by rolling and then annealed at 704 oC for one hour. All images show partially recrystallised microstructures. The recrystallised grains are clean (largely free from defects) whereas the deformed regions show a large concentration of defects such as dislocations and cell boundaries. There are annealing twins in the recrystallised regions.
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[Note 1] This definition of twin orientations in terms of reflection about a particular plane is not accurate. Other operations (such as an appropriate rotation) can also lead to twin-related grains. For more details see Worked Examples in the Geometry of Crystals, a book which is available on-line for free download. [Note 2] The growth-accident hypothesis indicates that annealing twins are formed and terminated by errors in the stacking of the 111 planes, which happen in a random way. See Physical Metallurgy, editors R. W. Cahn and P. Haasen, fourth edition, p. 897. Note also that the frequent assumption that the tendency for annealing twin formation correlates with a low stacking fault energy is not in itself a good assumption since there are many factors other than the fault energy which influence twin formation. Nickel, for example, has a high stacking fault energy and yet shows annealing twins.
For males, predicted sexual orientation effects (standardized regression coefficients βs) on genital arousal or pupil dilation to male or female stimuli fall between 0.70 and 0.906. Thus, significant power of 0.80 can be achieved with a minimum of 5 heterosexual and 5 homosexual males. The sample of male twins met this minimum. For females, predicted sexual orientation effects fall between 0.20 and 0.30. Thus, significant power of 0.80 may only be achieved with a larger sample (a minimum of 80 women) than the recruited 9 heterosexual twins and 9 co-twins. For the weak effect, sexual orientation differences in female sexual arousal are often not significant, and a focus may be given on the expected difference in effect rather than on level of significance. Furthermore, identical twins with discordant sexual orientations, willing and able to come to a lab, are difficult to find. For this reason it is scientifically informative to examine their physiological sexual arousal patterns, even if their numbers are small.
A 27 years-old primigravida Ethiopian mother presented with a history of pushing down pain and passage of liquor of 6 hours duration at gestational age of 30 weeks plus 6 days. With a diagnosis of twin pregnancy (first twin non-vertex), abdominal delivery was decided in latent first stage of labor but mother refused caesarian delivery and she was allowed to labor with the hope of achieving a vaginal delivery. In second stage, interlocking twin was encountered and a low vertical cesarean section was done to effect delivery of twins without the need to decapitate the first twin.
Of the different etiological factors for locked twins, the most important are the age of the mother, parity of the mother, and the size of the twins [1]. Interlocking twins are more common in primigravida as basal uterine tone may be greater in the first pregnancy resulting in stronger uterine contractions during labor [2]. This report describes a 27 years-old primigravida mother who complicated with a chin-to-chin locked twins at early 3rd trimester of pregnancy, at gestational age of 30 weeks and 6 days. Low vertical cesarean section was done that successfully effected delivery of the babies without any need of decapitation of the first twin. This is a unique surgical practice being reported in our case for the first time.
When locked twins occurs, cesarean section is the recommended mode of delivery. But, it should not be a hard and fast rule that extraction of the babies be achieved by decapitation of the first twin. If adequate space is created by using low vertical (like it was done in our case) or inverted T C-section, delivery of the twins can be effected without decapitation of the first twin.
Periodontitis is a common complication of diabetes. It has threefold increased prevalence, earlier onset, rapid progression and increased severity of symptoms in patients with diabetes compared with subjects without diabetes. Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the supporting structures of the teeth and major cause of tooth loss.1 2 Bacterial infection is the main etiological mediator of periodontitis but studies of identical twins found that 50% of the variability to periodontitis is associated with host factors.3 Pathogenesis is considered to be driven by the host inflammatory response to bacterial infection rather than the damaging effects of bacterial pathogens directly.4 In the setting of diabetes, dysfunctional glucose metabolism, known to contribute to the pathobiology of vascular complications of diabetes,5 may also exacerbate inflammatory mechanisms promoting the development and progression of periodontitis.
If I introduce myself as a magician, people actually want to see what tricks I can pull off. Then you can just get an ordinary deck of cards and perform this trick to amaze the spectators at that point. It's totally impromptu so you can perform anywhere even with a borrowed deck. All of the tricks can be peformed consecutively non-stop so must check out these practical card tricks! "No Setup Card Magic" Learn in right now!!Featuring:1. Mini Ambitius 2.The twins effect 3. Con air File: Mp4 Running Time: 35 Min Eng Subtitles 2ff7e9595c
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